Tendência, quebra estrutural e persistência dos choques no preço da soja de 1960 a 2014
Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as seguintes características dinâmicas do preço real da soja: tendência de longo prazo, quebras estruturais e grau de persistência dos choques. No que concerne à tendência, inúmeros trabalhos testaram a Hipótese Prebisch-Singer (HPS) de deterioração dos preços das commodities em relação aos dos manufaturados, de forma agregada ou desagregada. Sob a ótica dos países exportadores de commodities, esse exercício se torna relevante, haja vista seus impactos nos termos de troca e na renda interna. Do ponto de vista do Brasil, é importante estudar o preço real do seu principal produto de exportação, pois analisar os termos de troca de forma agregada pode resultar em um considerável viés de agregação. Assim sendo, uma vez que o complexo soja — o qual inclui, além do grão, o farelo e o óleo de soja — é o principal grupo de produtos das exportações brasileiras, justifica-se estudar se há tendência, quebra estrutural e persistência dos choques no preço real da soja. A metodologia empregada é a análise univariada de séries temporais. As evidências sinalizam uma elevada persistência dos choques no preço real da soja, no período 1960-2014, com importante quebra estrutural em 1973. As estimativas indicam que o processo gerador dos dados é estacionário em diferença, com drift significativo e com o sinal de acordo com a HPS.
Palavras-chave: preço da soja; Hipótese Prebisch-Singer; quebra estrutural
TÍTULO EM INGLÊS
Trend, structural breaks and persistence of shocks in the soybean price between 1960 and 2014
Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the following dynamic characteristics of real soybean prices: long-term trend, structural breaks and degree of persistence of shocks. As regards the trend, several studies have tested, in an aggregate or disaggregate way, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis (PSH) of deterioration of commodity prices in relation to those of manufactured goods. From the perspective of commodity-exporting countries, this exercise becomes relevant, given its impact on the terms of trade and domestic income. From Brazil's point of view, it is important to study the real price of its main export product, for analyzing the terms of trade in an aggregate fashion can result in a considerable aggregation bias. Therefore, once the soybean complex — which includes, in addition to the grain, bran and soybean oil — is the main group of products of Brazil’s exports, it is appropriate to study whether there is a trend, structural breaks and persistence of shocks in the real price of soybeans. The methodology used involves the univariate time series analysis. Evidence points to a high persistence of shocks in the real price of soybeans in the period 1960-2014, with a major structural break in 1973. Estimates indicate that the data generating process is stationary in difference, with significant drift and sign according to the PSH.
Keywords: soybeans price; Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis; structural breaks
Artigo recebido em 20 out. 2015
-----------------------------------------
Classificação JEL: O13, C22
Palavras-chave: preço da soja; Hipótese Prebisch-Singer; quebra estrutural
TÍTULO EM INGLÊS
Trend, structural breaks and persistence of shocks in the soybean price between 1960 and 2014
Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the following dynamic characteristics of real soybean prices: long-term trend, structural breaks and degree of persistence of shocks. As regards the trend, several studies have tested, in an aggregate or disaggregate way, the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis (PSH) of deterioration of commodity prices in relation to those of manufactured goods. From the perspective of commodity-exporting countries, this exercise becomes relevant, given its impact on the terms of trade and domestic income. From Brazil's point of view, it is important to study the real price of its main export product, for analyzing the terms of trade in an aggregate fashion can result in a considerable aggregation bias. Therefore, once the soybean complex — which includes, in addition to the grain, bran and soybean oil — is the main group of products of Brazil’s exports, it is appropriate to study whether there is a trend, structural breaks and persistence of shocks in the real price of soybeans. The methodology used involves the univariate time series analysis. Evidence points to a high persistence of shocks in the real price of soybeans in the period 1960-2014, with a major structural break in 1973. Estimates indicate that the data generating process is stationary in difference, with significant drift and sign according to the PSH.
Keywords: soybeans price; Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis; structural breaks
Artigo recebido em 20 out. 2015
-----------------------------------------
Classificação JEL: O13, C22
Palavras-chave
preços de commodities; preço da soja; Hipótese Prebisch-Singer; testes de raiz unitária; quebra estrutural
Texto completo:
PDFISSN 1806-8987